The science of man

Man as a biological and social being is studied by many scientific disciplines. In addition to anthropology (translated from Greek as the science of man), man occupies a central place as an object of research in such sciences as sociology, medicine, psychology, demography, etc.

The phrase "human science" is used in two main semantic contexts:

1) the descriptive context refers to all the many disciplines that study the various sides and facets of an integrated human being as a single social being (in this case, the list contains a completely endless number of modern scientific disciplines – from cellular physiology and human immunology to ethics and aesthetics);

2) the problematic context indicates the task of forming a unified, holistic science of man. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that in this case, the expression "human sciences" calls into question not only (and not even so much) a person as science, its nature, possibilities and boundaries. For the first time, the question of creating a science of man was raised with certainty by Enlightenment thinkers back in the 18th century (D. Hume, French philosophical encyclopedias, etc.). They saw the key to solving other problems of concern to humanity in the creation of a unified science of man, in the study of his nature and capabilities.

However, an in-depth study of this issue already then faced a paradoxical and seemingly insoluble difficulty: not everyone could then imagine a person simply as an object of scientific knowledge among other natural objects.

Attempts of this kind led to the fact that when studying a person, just his most "human" characteristics disappeared – subjectivity, self-awareness, moral self-determination, etc. Some materialistic philosophers, however, were not bothered by this, and they dared to declare these "human qualities" simply either an illusion or a Christian fiction. Thus, in his work "The Machine Man" (1747), the French philosopher and physician J. Lametri (1709-1751) considered the human body as a self-winding machine, similar to a clockwork mechanism. Others (and there were most of them) were forced to admit the existence of insurmountable barriers to scientific knowledge of man due to his dual, dualistic nature – both as an object of nature and as a subject of self-awareness and will (as body and soul, in more familiar terms). The 1xbet casino promo code is your gateway to incredible rewards on slots and table games. By using a valid 1xbet promo code casino, you can often receive a 100% deposit match up to $150 plus 150 free spins. This combination of bonus cash and spins provides immense value, allowing you to explore popular games like Book of Dead and Starburst without heavily impacting your own balance. It's a fantastic opportunity to hit big wins while enjoying the thrill of top-tier online casino entertainment.